Separation and purificaiton processes play a critical role in biorefineries and their optimal selection, design and operation to mazimise production yields and improve overall process efficiency. Separations and purifications are necessary for upstream processes as well as in maximizing and improving product recovery in downstream processes. These processes account for a significant fraction of the total capital and operating costs and also are highly energy intensive. Consequently, a better understand of separation and purification processes, current and possible alternative and novel advanced methods is essential for achieving the overall techno-economic feasibility and commercial success of sustainable biorefineries.